[John-paul]

Thinking of your current or a past practice area provide an example of the train of transmission specific to that area. Fill in all ‘links’ in the chain with an example for each link:

Infectious Agent:

Reservoirs:

Portals of Exit:

Modes of Transmission:

Portals of Entry:

Susceptible Host:

[Ibikemi]

1. Infectious Agent
The germ that causes disease (bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite). Eg, Influenza virus
2. Reservoirs
Where the germ normally lives and grows. Eg, Living organisms/Surfaces
3. Portals of Exit
How the germ leaves the reservoir. Eg, Coughing, sneezing, blood, saliva, feces, or skin wounds.
4. Modes of Transmission
How the germ spreads to another person. Eg, Direct contact, cough, sneezes, airborne, insects or contaminated objects
5. Portals of Entry
How the germ enters a new person. Eg, Nose, mouth, eyes or cuts in skin
6. Susceptible Host
A person who can get sick because their immune system isn’t strong enough to fight the germ. Eg, Ill Infants, elderly people and unvaccinated people

[Diane]

Infectious Agent: CDIFF- Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill good gut bacteria, allowing C. diff to thrive.

Reservoirs: Surfaces, asymptomatic carrier, it is important that clients room should be cleaned paying attention to high touch surfaces, if available private room, one person use commodes, slings Hoyer lifts

Portals of Exit: mostly diarrhea

Modes of Transmission: when the person touches contaminated surface one
(eg would be when someone would touch their bedrail then their mouth (fecal-oral route).
Must ensure staff are to be using proper IPAC such as hand washing, gloves, proper disposal of equipment, ensuring proper signage to use PPE. do not share commodes, hand washing/ABHR.

Portals of Entry: oral route mucous membranes

Susceptible Host: seniors or those who have been in hospitalized with use of Abx treatment immune compromised.

[Jessica-lyn]

Since its the season, and I work in long term care…

Infectious Agent: Influenza A

Reservoirs: Our residents, Their families, our staff and all others who come into our home!

Portals of Exit: Cough/Sputum.

Modes of Transmission: Droplet/Contact

Portals of Entry: Mouth, Mucous Membranes

Susceptible Host: Everyone, Though the elderly and younger population is more susceptible.

[Munazzah]

Isolation and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) play a critical role in preventing the transmission of Influenza A. As influenza continues to spread rapidly and undergo multiple mutations, it is essential to promptly report and document symptoms and take appropriate actions to protect public health.

[Adeyemi]

Infectious Agent: Covid-19 virus

Reservoirs: Surfaces such as tables, handrails, infected people

Portals of Exit: Coughing, Sneezing,

Modes of Transmission: contact with objects used or touched by an infected person, droplet

Portals of Entry: Mucous membranes in the nose, mouth, eyes

Susceptible Host: Advanced age, people with compromised or low level of immunity, people living with chronic diseases

[Rachel]

One way to prevent the spread of Covid 19 and break the chain of transmission from either reservoir or portal of exit ( when infected pesron coughs) is to wear proper PPE for that resident that is in isolation. PPE Includes eye protection ( goggles), medical gown, N 59 mask and gloves, this way if you come into direct contact with that isolated resident or if they sneeze or cough while your there you, yourself are not coming into direct contact but the PPE is ensuring that the virus is not leaving the room, as properly doffing PPE and disposing of it keeps it contained.

[Svetlana]

Infection Agent: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(TB)
Reservoirs: Humans
Portals of exit: coughing, sneezing
Modes of Transmission: Airborne. Person to person through the air when someone with active TB speaks, sneezing, coughing
Portal of entry: Respiratory tract (Lungs) (via inhalation of Mycobacterium bacteria).
Susceptible Host: Very young children and Advanced age, people with compromised or low level of immunity, people living with chronic diseases, homeless people.

[Munazzah]

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a significant concern with many dying from the disease every year. Management of TB relies heavily on nursing care as nurses need to not just support patients but also educate them about potential transmission to reduce further spread.

[Kimberly]

Infectious Agent: Gastrointestinal Infection
Reservoirs: Animate and/or inanimate sources
Portal of Exit: Diarrhea, vomiting and saliva
Modes of Transmission: Pathogens on hands, surfaces, food, or water
Portal of Entry: Mucous membranes. Ex, touching your mouth after coming in contact with contaminated items or surfaces
Susceptible Hosts: Young children, elderly, anyone with a weakened immune system from illness or medications.

[Rachel]

One way to break the chain of infection is by following your work places policy for Managing Gastroinstinal infections, for example, if a resident is exhibiting signs and symptoms of it ie: having multiple loose stools is febrile and vomiting, that resident should be placed into isolation have isolation contact plus sign with the needed PPE and sanitizer as well as a waste bin for the PPE put into place and taking swabs (ex: PCR). This way you are protecting other residents by keeping them out of contact with the infected resident stopping the spread from resident to resident as well as ensuring staff are using the necessary PPE and apply hand hygiene when coming into contact with that resident for care to ensure that the Gastro infection is not leaving the room. This stops the spread from Resident to staff. When swabs are taken you are able to detect the virus or bacteria the resident has and properly treat according to what is identified.

[Rachel]

Infectious agents: RSV
Resiviours : Tables, Beds, doorknobs etc..
Portal of exit: Mucus membranes, sneezing, coughing, talking,
Mode of transmission: Droplet, contact with person infected or contaminated item
Portal of entry: Mucus membranes located in eyes nose or mouth
susceptible host: someone who is immunocompromised, anyone who comes into contact with the infected person, children, elderly

[Munazzah]

LTC
Infectious Agent: Shingles
Reservoirs: everyone who comes in contact with the virus
Portals of Exit: fluids from shingles rash/blisters, virus particles from the shingles blisters
Modes of Transmission: contact/airborne
Portals of Entry: respiratory system, skin contact
Susceptible Host: anyone among staff and residents with weakened immune system, visiting family with pregnant women or infant

[Author]

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