[John-paul]

Thinking of your current or a past practice area provide an example of the train of transmission specific to that area. Fill in all ‘links’ in the chain with an example for each link:

Infectious Agent:

Reservoirs:

Portals of Exit:

Modes of Transmission:

Portals of Entry:

Susceptible Host:

[Ngan]

Infectious Agent: Influenze Virus

Reservoirs: An infected clients lungs

Portals of Exit: respiratory passage through coughing or sneezing

Modes of Transmission: contact (hands or surface) and/or droplet

Portals of Entry: Another persons eyes, nose or mouth

Susceptible Host: immunocompromised person, someone who has not been immunized

[Journa]

1. Infectious Agent:
• Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common bacterium that can cause pneumonia, particularly in patients with compromised lung function, like those with COPD.
2. Reservoirs:
• Patient’s respiratory system: The bacteria reside in his lungs and airways, causing the pneumonia infection.
• Contaminated respiratory equipment (oxygen masks, nebulizers).
3. Portals of Exit:
• Respiratory secretions: The bacteria exit through droplets when patients coughs or sneezes, releasing them into the environment.
• Sputum: The bacteria can also be present in the mucus or sputum that patients cough up.
4. Modes of Transmission:
• Direct contact: If healthcare workers come into direct contact with patient’s respiratory secretions while providing care (suctioning or handling his oxygen mask) without proper hand hygiene or PPE.
• Droplet transmission: Patients’ cough or sneeze, bacteria in respiratory droplets can be inhaled by others nearby, leading to transmission of the infection.
• Indirect contact: If contaminated surfaces ( bed rails, oxygen tubing) are touched by others and proper hand hygiene isn’t followed.
5. Portals of Entry:
• Respiratory tract: The bacteria enter through the nose or mouth when inhaled via respiratory droplets.
• Mucous membranes: Bacteria can enter through contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth, either directly or via contaminated hands or surfaces.
6. Susceptible Host:
• Other hospitalized patients: Particularly those with weakened immune systems or underlying respiratory conditions such as COPD or asthma.
• Healthcare workers: If they are not using appropriate PPE or following hand hygiene protocols, they can also become hosts.

[Author]

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